Hočąk Text — The Journey to Spiritland, Version 1b

The following are Greek letters and other signa used as morpheme abbreviations in Radin's original text. The corrected MS of Winnebago III, #3: 103-107 can be used as a kind of Rosetta Stone for interpreting their values:

α	β	γ	ɜ	θ	λ	ρ
égi	éja	giži	-šaną	jánąga	žesge	ánąga

ὐ	ψ	ϕ	ω	X
-nįk	gają,	hąké	žigé	wąk, wąg

[ɕ]	[9]	·\|	\|	-	⨩	⨪
-xjį	-žą	-kje	-ną	-(e)ra	hire	-nąk

In the interlinear text where the translation is missing, it has been supplied whenever possible from the English text of the typed translation at Winnebago III, #3: 49-51. Where a missing translation has been supplied from other sources, it is enclosed in brackets, [ ].

Key —

First Row	"raw" text from Paul Radin, Notebook 77, p. 11-14, 19-21.
Second Row	revised text based on the revised MS text of Winnebago III, #3: 103-107.
Third Row	English translation based on the interlinear text of Winnebago III, #3: 49-51, and the published translation of The Winnebago Tribe (WT).

Style. Despite the brevity of this story, there are a number of unusual stylistic points.

The typical sentence terminators -že and -ną are unusually uncommon, being replaced by a higher frequency of -ra in that role.

The common use here of Ánąga égi to begin a sentence is very rare elsewhere.

English Translation

Notebook 77, p. 12.1* = Winnebago III, #3: 103.1 = Winnebago III, #3: 49.1 —

hąhó-o-o-o	nanáñxgųdjécguni[2]†	nañghirág-waxopíni	kisge
Hąhó-o-o-o!	Naną́xgųješgúniže.	Nąǧirág-waxopíni	kisge‡
I greet you.	Surely you are listening.	Ghost-spirit	like

*the following account is given the title, "IV wanaghi tcínañk" ("ghost village").
†the /x/ is inserted above the line, but in the revised text of Winnebago III, #3: 103.1, it was not copied.
‡this word is followed in Winnebago III, #3: 103.1 by "[hikisge]".

rakiridjégadją	[θ]	hokíkikarádj[-]	maįhágeregí	wanądjodjaį́sge
rakirijégają.	Jánąga	hokíkikarájera	mąihágeregí	wanąjojaį́sge
you have become.	[All]	your clansmen	[here on earth]	to be pitiable

wawárakaragic'ų́ną,	wowázip	warakáragira.	Warúdj[-]	pįnígi
wawárakaragiš'ų́ną,	wowázip	warakáragira.	Warújera	pįnígi
you have made them,	lonely	they made them.	The food	well

'ų[ɕ]r[ρ´]	hakaranimaninigir[ρ´]	daníhura,	daníra,
'ųxjįranąga	hakaránimanínigiránąga	taníhura,	taníra,
they did it, and	they made you take it along with you, and	the pipe,	the tobacco,

wirórag[-]	wiróragic'uñkcé[-]	wodá[-]†	tconíxdjina
wiróragera,	wiróragiš'ųkšéra.	Wotára	čonixjįra
the messenger,	[use them to send a message.]*	Request	the very first

*the translation at Winnebago III, #3: 49.4 has, "and this you will use in order to-obtain-blessings", and the interlinear has, "ask for blessings you use them with".
†before the dash, /k/ has been crossed out. Above the last syllable /rák/ has been written to (incorrectly) indicate that the word is worak. In the English line, this has been corrected by the word "story" having been crossed out and the word "request" written after it.

Notebook 77, p. 13.5 —

worakíkaradj[-´]	wonághirera	maį́hágerégi	hi'ų́nekdjéra.	[α]
worakíkarajera	wonąǧírera	mąihágeregi	hi'ų́rekjéra.	Égi
your clan	warfare	on the earth	they will use.	And

[X]cígo-'įna	djasgé[ɕ]	horaícdjącererá	maįhagerégi	hi'ųinánihekdjéga.
wąkšígo'į́na	jasgéxjį	horaíšjąšerera	mąihágeregi	hi'ųiránihekjéga.
life	how much	you have left behind	on the earth	they will use.

[α]	[ω]	wają́ra	[θ]	horaícdjącererá
Égi	žigé	wažą́ra	jánąga	horaíšjąšererá
And	again	the things	[as many as there are]	that you left behind

wają́waraga	maįhagerégi	hi'úįnekdjé[-]	[ρ]	[α]
wažą́waraga	mąihágeregi	hi'úįrekjéra.	Ánąga	égi
your relatives	[on the earth]	[they would use.]	And	then

Winnebago III, #3: 50.8 —

warudj[-]	[θ]	caragą́cererá,	jée	hagerarégi
warujera	jánąga	šaragą́šererá,	žée	hageráregi
the food	all	you will miss from now on,	this	behind you

Winnebago III, #3: 104.8 —

maį́hagerégi	wają́waragá	hi'uinánihekdjéra.	[ρ]	[α]
mąihágeregi	wažą́waraga	hi'uįránihekjéra.	Ánąga	égi
on earth	your relatives	they they will forever use.	And	then

wodára	méjesgícekdjéną	hirukónonañka	hiraráhi[γ´]	wodára
wotára	méžesgíšekjéną,	hirukónonąka	hiraráhigiži,	wotára
request	that you will say,	he who has charge of	when you reach him,	request

mé[λ]	ádji	danihura	niñgihíñ[γ]	waragé[·\|]
mežesge	áji	tanihúra	nįgihį́giži,	waragékje.
this	you must say	the pipe	if he smokes,	you'll speak to him.

Notebook 77, p. 19.10* —

[ρ]	[α]	mącínicerekdjanáre	[ϕ]agá	hakdją́benią́dje.
Ánąga	égi	mąšínišérekjanáre	hąkagá	hakjąbeniáje.
And	then	this walk you're going to take	never	do not look behind.

*in the middle of p. 13, at the end of sentence 9, the text is interrupted with a large caret beneath which is written "[cf pp 19,7]". At the lower half of p. 19, a new paragraph begins with, "Omitted pp 13,8." Then there is a large caret above which is written, "¶ 10". After this begins the sentence, "[ρ] [α] mącínicerekdjanáre ..." (etc.).

wają́niją	tcowerá	haniñgirutcé[γ]	carakúnuñk	raicére[·\|]
Wažą́nižą	čowerá	hanį́giručégiži,	šarakúnųk	raišérekje.
Anything	in front	if it passes by you,	you cut it in two	you'll go on.

[ρ]	[α]	haciniraicgu[ρ´]	[ϕ]	hakdją́beni
Ánąga	égi	hašíniraišguánąga	hąké	hakją́beni,
And	then	you'll pick it up, and	not	to not look back,

hagerégi	hot'ųrádje	[ρ]	[α]	je
hagerégi	hot'ųráje.	Ánąga	égi	že
back	throw it.	And	then	this

raicéregiji.	[α]	[β]	c'uą́nahigádją	[β]
raišéregiži.	Egi	éja	š'uą́rahigáją	éja
[you are going to.]	And	there	as you go along	there

dje[·\|][-]	[X]íją	[X]woíkikax'ų.	[ρ]	[α]
jekjéra	wągížą	wągewoíkikax'ų.	Ánąga	égi
he will be	a human	he'll have on a man's dress.	And	then

Notebook 77, p. 20.15 —

warage[·\|]	tcoka	dánihu[-]	deére[-]	hirage[γ]
waragékje,	"Čóka,	tánihura	teérera".	Hiragégiži,
you'll say,	"Grandfather,	the pipe	it is this".	When you say to him,

wainą́beniñgikiñ[·\|][-]	warage[·\|][-]	tcokagá	we[\|]	hatcañka
wa'iną́benįgikį́kjera.	Wáragekjéra,	"Čókaga	wéną,	hačą́ka
he will thank you.	You will say to him,	"Grandfather	he said,	which

wáradé[·\|][γ]	hinigipañghíkdje	e[\|´]	[γ]	waníñge[·\|][-]
wáragekjégíži,*	hį́nigipąǧíkje	éną,"	giži.	Wánįgekjéra,
I will take,	that I should ask of you,	he said"	[.]	He will say to you,

*Winnebago III, #3: 104.17 has wáragekdjégíji ("you will take it").

deáñgirére[\|]	hiniñge[·\|][-]	[γ]	eoracere[·\|][-]
"Teą́giréreną,"	hinįgekjéra	giži.	E	hórašerekjéra,
"Here it is,"	he'll say to you	[.]	Then	you will go,

Winnebago III, #3: 105.20 —

nañgotcagíghąkédjega	hoiratcg[β´]djega	hocícig[-]	hirákeré[\|]	hoicaroídjadjega
ną́gočagíǧąkéjega.	Hoiračgéjajega	hošíšigera	hirákeréną;	hoišároijajega*
that cross road.	The one to the left	the bad one	it reaches;	to the right

*Winnebago III, #3: 105.20 has hoicóraidjadjega.

eoracere[·\|][-]		cere[γ]	c'ųnahígadją	tcipóroke
e	hórašerekjéra,	šeregíži.	Š'ųrahigáją,	čipóroke
that	you will travel,	when you go.	As you go along,	oval lodge

xedéją	hiraráhikdjéra	[α]	daníhu[-]	hinagigí[γ]
xetéžą	hiraráhikjéra.	Égi	taníhura	hiragigígiži,
a large one	you will come.	And	the pipe	when you make her smoke,

hiniñgi'úñ[γ]*	warage[·\|´]	kuniká	hirage[·\|´]	hidókenįgíją
hinįgi'ų́giži,	waragékje,	"Kúnika,"	hiragékje	hitokénįgižą
if you make her,	you will say to her,	"Grandmother,"	you'll say to her	an old woman

*/hi/ is inserted above the line with a caret.

tcokagá	[τ]	djiré	nañgigikdje	e[\|]
"čokagá	žegų*	jiré	nągigíkje	éną,"
"grandfather	[thus]	to pass by	you would let me	he said"

*Winnebago III, #3: 105.22 has giji.

[γ]	[τ]	[⨩][\|]*	gi'ų[·\|][-]	[γ]
giži.	Žégų	hiréną	gi'ųkjéra,	giži.
[.]	[Now]	[it is done],	she will do it	[.]

*the ⨩ has /hire/ written in small letters above it.

[τ]	cere[γ]	hatcį́dja	wanaghí	tcinañge[-]
Žégų	šeregíži,	hačįja	wanąǧí	činą́gera
Then	you are going on	where	ghosts	the village

[⨪]ijí	[β]	rahigí	wanąghi	wirukónánoñká
nąkgiži.	Eja	rahigí,	wanąǧi	wirukónanąka
it is.	There	when you came,	ghost	the one who is in control of them

danihura	hiracáwaha[·\|´]	Nigíhiñ[γ´]	warage[·\|´]	wodára
tanihúra	hirašáwahakje.	Nigihįgíži,	waragékje	wotára
the pipe	you should hand it to him.	If he smokes it for you,	you will say	request

Notebook 77, p. 21.26 —

djagu	enicí[-]		[λ]	hice[·\|´]
jagú	e	nišéra	žésge	hišekjé.*
what	him	I told you to say,	thus	you must speak.

*Winnebago III, #3: 105.26 has hicekdjéra.

Winnebago III, #3: 51.27 —

wawákikaradj[-´]	[θ]	wająwahá[-]	maįhag[β´]	wanądjodjaį́sge
"Wawákikarajera,*	jánąga	wažą́wahara	mąihagéja,	wanąjojaį́sge
"The clan I belong to,	all	my relatives	on earth,	pitiable

*Winnebago III, #3: 105.27 has wawákiradjera.

wawak'aragi'ų́[\|]	wowázip	wakaragí[-]	tcokagá	wodára
wáwakaragi'ų́ną.	Wowázip	wakaragíra.	Čokagá	wotára
I made them.	Lonely	I made them.	Grandfather	request

dé[λ]	hihekdjé	e[\|]	tcokaga	wé[\|]
težésge	hihekjé	éną.	Čokagá	wéną,
these	I should make	he said.	Grandfather	he said,

wonághire[-]	woirukípina*	wapaíniñkdjį‡‡
woną́ǧirera	woirukípųna†	wapaínįkjį
[the wars]	honors‡	they'll bring heads

*the last syllable /pina/ is hypercorrected, with a caret below the /i/ and /u/ written above it, and /ą/ written above the final /a/. The word woirukípina is a variant of woirokipina, "honors".
†Winnebago III, #3: 105.28 has woirukípųną. Following this word, Radin has inserted "[woirukípųra ?]".
‡the interlinear text has the translation, "that be asked for by me". Winnebago III, #3: 51.28 has the looser translation, "that I should beseech you".
‡‡/x/ is written above the /k/, but only to show that -kdjį is a variant of -xdjį.

wañgerodjį́birekdje	[ρ]	[α]	[ω]	[X]cígo'į́na
wągirojį́birekje.*	Ánąga	égi	žigé	wąkšígo'įra
they will come just in front of him.†	And	then	again	life

*< wąk-hirotįp´-ire-kje.
†the interlinear text adds, "with heads [for the old men]". At the top of the page Radin adds the following which he connects to the translation here with a line: "The ghost is requesting for the old man, scalps etc. As he is too old to go on the warpath the younger people should present them to him."

djasgé[ɕ]	waicdjąhúra	édja	maįhag[β´]	wają́waha[-]
jasgéxjį	waišjąhúra	éja	mąihagéja,	wažąwahára
whatever	I left behind	there	on earth,	my relatives

Winnebago III, #3: 106.29 —

hi'úinekdje	[α]	[X]cík	tciorogarégi	wająníne[-]
hi'úįrekje.	Egi	wąkšík	čiorogaregi	wažąnínera
they will use.	And	human	[within this village]	what things they have

[θ]	waícdjąhu[-´]	maįhag[β´]	hi'úinekdje	warudj[-´]
janąga	waíšjąhúra	mąihagéja,	hi'úįrékje.	Warújera
all	that I have left	on earth,	they will use.	Food

[θ]	dagąc´*	hugí	jee	wająwahá[-]
janąga	tagąš´	hugí,	žee	wažąwahára
all	I missed	[if it remains,]	this	my relatives

*the /o/ is written above the line over the second /a/.

maįhag[β´]	hi'úinekdje	wajókiwánina	hañkigaįrodjį́	[α]
mąihagéja	hi'úįrékje,	wažókiwánina.	hąkigaįrojį́*	égi
on earth	they will use,	my relations.	Not a long while†	here

*< hąké-hižą-hirojį́.
†at the bottom of the page, Radin adds the following note which is connected to the translation by a line: "i.e. none should die".

djiníñkdje	me[λ]	nįgidákdje	aíreną.
jinįkje,	mežésge	nįgitákje,"	aíreną.
they will not come,	this	I was to ask you,"	[it is said.]

Notebook 77, p. 13.32* —

Hąhó-o-o-o-o ha-e!	tcokága	huiakárohora	wają́
Hąhó-o-o-o-o ha-e!	"Čokaga,	huiakórohora,†	wažą́wahará
Hąhó-o-o-o-o ha-e!	"Grandfather,	when I was coming,	my relatives

*after page 21, the text resumes on page 13.
†< hu-yakórohora.

wanądjodjaį́sge	warakaragíc'ų	wanąghí wirukónonoñka
wanąjojaį́sge."	Warakaragíš'ų,	Wanąǧí-wirukónonąka
to be pitiable."	Humbly you made them say it,	Ghost Controller

Notebook 77, p. 14.33 —

warage[·\|´]	danihurá	niñgihįíñ[γ]	tcóka,	tcokagá
waragékje,	tanihúra	nįgihį́gíži.	"Čóka,	čokagá
you will say to him,	the pipe	when he smokes.	"Grandfather,	my grandfather

me[λ]	hihékdje	éną	Hokikarádj[-]	[θ]
mežésge	hihékje	éną.	Hokikarájera	jánąga
this	you will say,	he said.	My clan	all

wanądjodjaį́sge	wawákaragi'ų́ra	maį́hag[β´]	djagúcaną
wanąjojaį́sge;	wawákaragi'ų́ra	mąihagéja,	jagúšaną
to be pitied;	I would that they could use it	on earth,	[just what]

waicdjąhurá	maį́hag[β´]	hi'ųránihek'dje*	wodá	tconiñxdjina,
waišjąhúra	mąihagéja.	Hi'ųránihekje.	Wotá	čonįxjį́ra
that I left behind	on earth.	They'll use it.	Request	the very first one

*this word is written in smaller letters above a lined out heorárihékdje.

woną́ghire[-]	hi'ųnánihekdjé[-]	hop'iówaírekdje	[α]
woną́ǧirera	hi'ųránihekjéra,	hopįowaírekje.	Égi
the wars	that they will use,	they'll have good luck through it.	And

[X]cikho-įna	djasgé[ɕ]	waícdjąhura	wają́wahara	maį́hag[β´]
wąkšigo'į́ra	jasgéxjį	waišjąhúra,	wažąwahára	mąihagéja
life	[as much as]	that I left behind,	my relatives	on earth

hi-unánihekdjé	[θ]	wają́	woikíkágh[-]*	dagąc´
hi'ųránihekjé.	Jánąga	wažą́	woikíkaǧera	tagąš´†
they will use.	All	things	clothing	I left behind

*an initial /h/ is scribbled out and a /w/ written above it; an /i/ is inserted above the line between the /o/ and the /k/.
†Winnebago III, #3: 107.37 has dugąc´.

Winnebago III, #3: 107.37 —

hu[γ´]	jejénuga	maį́hag[β´]	hi'ųirékdje	warúdjera
hugíži,	žežénųga	mąihagéja,	hi'ųirékje;	warújera
when I came,	[that much]	on earth,	they would use;	the food

[θ]	dagąc´	hu[γ´]	jesganą́tcį[ɕ]
jánąga	tagąš´	hugíži,	žesganą́čįxjį.
all	I left behind	when I came,	[all of that sort.]

egiąkagínųbóhǫna			xap'gé	[ϕ]
Égi	hąkága	hinųbóhąra	xápge	hąké
And	never	a second time	soon	not

hiją	uníñkdje	mé[λ]	niñgidákdje	aíreną.
hižą	'únįkje.	Méžesge	nįgitákje,	aíreną.
one	[it would not be done.]*	These	I would ask of you,	it is said.

*the following is written at the bottom of the page and attached to the translation by a long line: "i.e. I ask (?) the next one won't die so soon

[hąhó-o-o-o-há-a-a]*

Hąhó-o-o-o, há-a-a."

Hąhó-o-o-o, há-a-a."

*the brackets are in the text, and are followed by, "(all say it)".

Source:

The original interlinear text is found in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Notebook 77: 11-14, 19-21. A neatly written corrected MS is found in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago III, #3: 103-107. A typed English translation is found in Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago III, #3: 49-51. A loose English translation is found in Paul Radin, The Winnebago Tribe (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990 [1923]) 99.