Hocąk Text — Šųgepaga

Hocąk Text — Šųgepaga

narrated by Caxšeporuxjįrega (They Look at an Eagle)

The MS, without question, belongs to early 1908, the first year of Radin's field work, as evidenced by the "crude" orthography used, which shows some influence from the Hocąk Bible published by Stucki in 1903. This orthography was quickly jettisoned by Radin in favor of the European style used by J. O. Dorsey.

English Translation

Stylistic Features

	Hapaxlegomena: ginąc, "downward course"; hąbgaše (hąbgaže?), "in the daytime"; hąhegaše (hąhegaže ?), "at night"; hijahįrusja, "death material (for a prisoner's execution)"; hirotu, "to camp"; hokarak, "to tell"; kirikarahe, "to go by" (cf. kirikara, "to walk over to someone"); nąjihiroją, "I am blessed with something" (> nąjiroją); naxjį, "you"; nįgewawaha, "my way"; regina, "to keep" (recorded by Marino); ruxgira, "to manage, cope with, something"; težegų regi, "even now, at this time"; toc(i)-hųgra, "warleader" (normally, tocąwąk); wąk hinįka, "prisoner"; wąk-woiskac, "prisoner"; wašą, "it would not do" (> šą, "to do wrong").
	Rare words: hahį, "I smoke" (one occurrence elsewhere); hirakra, "the last time" (cf. hiragera, "last", the only other occurrance); horoxjį, "to look" (horuxji is attested at one place); hugižu, "to fill up," found only once elsewhere; jage, "how, what" (one other instance, possibly a shared typo for jasge); wajoršu, "warleader" (cf. wajoršu-ka, "the warleader"); winįkipax, "to ask" (only one other instance attested); žejiga, "then", used only once elsewhere.
	the narrator preserves the /h/ in compounds whose second word begins with that letter. Ordinarily, this letter is lost in internal sandhi, and quite often in external sandhi as well.
	dropping an /s/ before a final syllable /ge/: jage for jasge, žege for žesge.
	see comparative word frequency

The first line of each table is the Hocąk text as given in the MS. The second line is the corrected text in contemporary orthography. In the English line, words in brackets have been supplied from other sources.

Header —

Worak	de e	Tcaxcep Woruxji Hirega	e	Horakshana
Worak	te-e	Caxšep-Woruxjį-Hire-ga	e	Horagšaną.
[Story]	[this]	Eagle Looking They Did	he	he told it.

p. 1 —

shugepaga	higaheregi	jekregi	hojkra	mogashuj
Šųgepaga	higaheregi,	cekregi	hocire (?)	Mogašuc,
Šųgepaga	[as] he is called,	[when]	they lived	Red Banks,

arnaka	eja	minag	heregishe	wangwakanjank
anąga	éja	minąk	heregiži.	Wąkwakąjąk
and	there	[to sit]	he did.	Holy ones

e	hisha	hereshe	egi	hagoreshe
e	hižą	hereže.	Égi	hagoreže
[he himself]	one	he was.	And	once

de-e	honaja	wangshig	hisha	hokuhireshe
tee	honąja (?)	wąkšik	hižą	hok’ų hireže,
[this one]	in his sleep,	man	one	he was given,

higahire	eske	egi	haginajnaguheregi
higahire.	Ésge	égi	haginącnąk’ų	heregi,
[it is called.]	[Therefore,]	and	fasting	as he was,

mauna	exji	maswakjexi	hisha	wixephuregi
Mą’ųna	exjį	mąswakjexi	hižą	wixephuregi
the Earthmaker	himself	Iron spirit*	a	in the east

*literally, "iron Waterspirit".

wij	hire	sewetubgishe	unke	pihinigejini
Wijirasewe t’ųbgíži,			hąké	phinįgejinį,
he placed for an earth-weight,* and			[not]	[because he was not good,]

*literally, "Island Quieter".

wangshig	hunubhimanira	wonaghirera	wagipige	eske
wąkšik,	hunųbimanįra,	wonąǧirera	wagipige.	Ésge,
humans,	[the two-legged walkers,]	wars	[because he liked them.]	Therefore,

wangshig	tehinaga	waruj	jege	she-e
wąkšik	t’ehinąga	waruc,	žigé	žee
humans	he killed, and	he ate them,	and	[this]

unke	pihinijegejini	mauna	hiperesge	eske
hąké	pihinįjegejinį.	Mą’ųna	hiperesge,	ésge,
not	it was not good.	Earthmaker	he knew it,	so therefore,

tehirejege	eske	waushe	Shugepaga	e
t’ehirejege,	ésge	wa’ųje,	Šųgepaga	e
that he might kill him,	[thus]	[he did it,]	Šųgepaga	him

hokushe	egi	jaskhotera		gigirejinage
hok’ųže.	Égi	jasge	hotera	gigire jinąge (?)
he gave.	And	[what]	[remained]	[the means by which they might do,]

harnj	hirasa	wogashe	hoegi	shugepaga
hanąc	hirasá	wogaže.	Hoégi	Šųgepaga
[all]	also	he gave to him.	So then	Šųgepaga

wagigohanaga	egi	nashishe	egi	wangra
wagigo hánąga	égi	nąžįže.	Égi	wągra
feast, and	then	he arose.	And	men

p. 2 —

danikira	hakishu	manijenashe	eshe	egi
tanikira	hakižu	mąnįjenaže,	éže.	Égi
only three	with him	he would go,	he said.	And

wangra	stokigonagke	wawesiwinaga	wang	masjaxjira
wągra	stokigonąke	wawesiwinąga	wąk	mąsjąxjįra
the men	as they were gathered,	he looked them over, and	men	strong

dani	harajshe	wangnagaka	hishkaja	gipinashe
tani	haracše.	Wąknąkąka	hišgaga (?)	gipinaže.
three	he picked.	The men	[in truth]	they were very glad.

egi	jekgeja	shesheskerashana	uhiraniharege	sheguga
Égi	c’ekéca,	žežesgerašana	’ųhiraniharege.	Žegųga,
And	in the beginning,	that was all	as they ever did.	[When they had done thus,]

rusjahiregishe	kigora	egi	shejaga	dojhana
rušcą́ hiregiži,	kigóra,	égi	žejąga	tojąna
after they were done,	the feast,	[then]	[then]	the warriors

hajihakawashe	wixephura	hapahireshe	unkaga	hisha
hajihakairaže.	Wixephura	hapahíreže.	hąkagá	hižą
they started out.	East	they went towards.	Never	one

eja	hapahihiperes	winigaja	arnagshe
éja	hapahihiperes,	winįgają,	ánąkše,
there	[it was known in that direction,]	[not for days,]	[it is said.]

jhihapera	waxopiniwaraj		jaxji	hisha
cihapera.	"Waxopini	warac	jaxjį	hižą
the one who stayed at home.	"Spirit	[named]	what	[one]

haguregaja	waugishe	harnj	arieashe	egi
haguregają,	wa’ųgiže,"	hanąc	arieaže.	Égi
he is going after,	that he did this?"	all	they said.	[Then]

dojhanaga	uhanihahirege	hambserej	shejiga	eja
tocąnąka	ųhanihahirege	hąpserec.	Žejiga	éja
the warriors	they travelled	all day.	Finally,	there

hahi	hirotuhireshe		wang	danihajega	wanakewewishe
hahí	hirotu	hireže.	Wąk	tanihajega	wanąkewewiže.*
[they went]	to camp	they did.	Men	the three	they were afraid.

*oddly enough, the dual is used here and throughout in this context.

eske	wawishe	hokikite	hirage	unkaga
Ésge,	wawíže,	hokikit’e,	"Hirage,	hąkagá
Therefore,	they said,	as they talked together,	"[Ask him],	never

p. 3 —

egi	jajaxjihipara	hisha	hapahinigaja	dee
égi	jajaxjįhipara	hižą	hapahinįgają,	tee
[here]	as long as it has been	anyone	not to come in the direction,	[this]

jekji	waugaja	arnagahe	egi	dojhungra
cekjį	wa’ųgają,"	ánąkše.	"Égi	toc-hųgra
[first time ]	[it was done," ]	they said.	"So	the leader

dani	hugishuwigi	e	hiperes	wigipinana
tani	hugižuwigi,	e	hiperés	wigipinaną,"
tobacco	[if we fill it up,]	[so]	to know	it would be better,"

a	wishe	wangnagka	egi	dani
awiže,		wąknąka.	Égi	tani
they said,		the men.	[Then]	tobacco

hogishurege	egi	danira	wagirushanaga	egi
hogižurege,	égi	taníra	wagirusanąga	égi
[so they filled it,]	and	the tobacco	he took it, and	[then]

hande	hokarakhanaga	rasjagishe	danira	wonaxra
hąte	hokarak hanąga	rašjągiži,	taníra	Wonąǧra
blessings	he told, and	when he finished,	the tobacco	War

hirukanara	janagakishe	wagiwaxushe.	egi	jobaha
Hirukanara	janągakiži,	wagiwaxųže.	"Égi	jobahą
Controllers	all,	he poured it for them.	"Then	[four]

hiwagiuhinawina	wigeshe	eja	wijhishanagra	eja
hįwagi’ųhinawiną,"	wigeže.	"Éja	wij hišanągra,	éja
we are going out traveling,"	he told them.	"There	[Island who did wrong (?),]	there

hajawijinena	hidanihara	hahi	hinawigishe	eshe
hajawijįneną,	hitanihąra	hahí	hįnawigiže,"	éže.
[you will see,]	the third day	[on the way]	[we are going,"]	he said.

dee	hidanihara	hahimahoshoros
Tee	hitanihąra	hahi	mą	hošoros
[These]	the third day	they went	earth	hollow

minaggeshe	eja	hahi	minag	hiregaja
minągeže.	Éja	hahí	minąk	hiregają.
they sat.	There	they went	to sit	they did.

dee	wanshig	hisha	washehisha	hawaunnaga
Tee	wąkšik	hižą	wažahižą	hawa’ąnąka
[These]	man	a	something	carrying on his shoulders

eja	kirikaraheshe	gaarherena		wigeshe	horoxji
éja	kirikaraheže.	"Ga’á	heréną,"	wigeže.	Horoxjį
there	he was going by.	"That	he is,"	he said to them.	To look

p. 4 —

hiragaja	hajahireshe	egi	hinawinaga	hanigeshe
hiregają,	hajahireže.	"Égi	hįnąwinąga	hanigiži,
they did, and	they saw.	"Here	we will sleep, and	in the morning,

hijorkehihiwira	nahisawaja	jinaggeshe	egi	hatubhijawina
hicokehihiwira	nąhisawaja	jinągiži,	égi	hatųbijawiną,"
our grandfather	the top of the trees	he got to,	then	we shall rush upon him,"

wigeshe	egi	hinagishurukoshijawina	wigeshe	hahuhunagke
wigeže.	"Égi	hįnagišurukos-hijawiną,"	wigeže.	Hahuhunąke
[he said to them.]	"And	you will capture him for me,"	he said to them.	As they were anxious

shee	hawau	unke	hanhe	eja
žee	hawa’ų	hąké	hąhe	éja
they	[for that reason]	not	night	there

hanserej	minag	hireshe	hambragugishe	hikorohoreshe
hąserec	minąk	hireže.	Hąbragugiži,	hikorohoreže.
all night	to sit up	they did.	When it became day,	they got ready.

wang	woikikaxra	wikarakikax	hireshe	rokikewe
Wąk	woikikaxra	wikarakikax	hireže.	Rokikewe
[Men]	war clothes	to put on	they did.	They painted themselves

hiregishe	masja	hirakerak	hireshe	harnj
hiregiži,	mąsją	hirakerak	hireže.	Hanąc
they did, and	fair	to look upon	they were.	All

wangra	nakeweskehireshe		egi	hikorohora
wągra	nąkeweske	hireže.	Égi	hikorohora
the men	fearful	they were.	[And]	getting ready

rusjahiregishe	eja	harnj	minag	hiranaga
rusjahiregiži,	éja	hanąc	minąk	hiránąga
when they were through,	there	all	to sit	they did, and

wang	hadojhahirega		hajhijaxji	howajijanagi
wąk	hatocą	hirega	hacijaxjį	howajijanąki,
men	on the warpath	which they were doing,	where	they would come out from,

ejashna	horuxji nagu	egixji	dee	wang
eja-šana	horuxjįnąka.	Égixjį	tee	wąk
[just] there	they looked.	Just then	[this]	man

xedexji	nakeweskexji	hisha	eja	jiraheshe
xetexji	nąkeweskexjį	hižą	éja	jiraheže.
big	[frightening]	one	there	he was going by.

p. 5 —

egi	dojhihungra	weshe	hojinjinxjiwira	hidajexji wauwige
Égi	toci-hųgra	weže,	"Hocįcįxjįwira	hitajexjį wa’ųwige,
Then	the warleader	he said,	"Young men,	you must try your mightiest,

jaskegi	niumb	harukoshigawina	wawegeshe	esge
jaskegi	ni’ąb	harukos-higawiną,"	wawegeže.	Ésge,
and let us be sure	alive	we capture him,"	he said to them.	Therefore,

shegu	nux	hahireshe	wangnagka	hisha
žegų	nųx	hahíreže.	Wąknąka	hižą
[thus]	[to hear]	[they came.]	The men	one

sakregi	naghahinaga	hanihire	naigaja	wangra
sakregi	nąk-hahinąka,	hanįhire	ną’įgają,	wągra
who was fleet	[he reached there running, and]	to tackled him	he tried, but	the man

rok	kanashe	shege	hinubra	jigishe
rokanaže.		Žigé	hinųbra	jigiži
he was very able.		[Again]	the second one	he arrived, and

hija	gijirenaigaja		higureske	unke	hija
hija	gijiré	ną’įgają,	higųreske	hąké	hija
there	to help	he tried, but	but still	not	there

ruxgiranishe.	hidanra	jigishe	hija	horok
ruxgiranįže.	Hitanira	jigiži,	hija	horok
they could not manage him.	The third	he arrived, and	there	[to join in]

hakinishishe	egixji	wajorshura	jigishe	sheguga
hakinižįže.	Égixjį,	wajoršura	jigiži,	žegųga
he took hold of him.	Just then,	the warleader	he arrived, and	[then]

hijobike	uxjiharanihau	hagoresha	wira	ginaj
hijóbike	’ųxjįharaniha’ų	hagoréžą	wira	ginąc
all four of them	they did their mightiest, until	finally	[the sun]	downward course

hiregaja	egi	wangra	hanikinib	hireshe
hiregają,	égi	wągra	hanį́kįnįp	hireže.
it was, and	then	the man	to throw him to the ground	they did.

egi	shegu	harukos	mig	hiranaga
Égi	žegų	harukos	mįk	hiránąga
[And]	then	to hold him	[lying] down	they did, and

danihangwiga	egi	wajorshujega	waruxabeja	wang
tanihągwiga	égi	wajoršujega	warughabežą	wąk
the three of them	and	the warleader	[a warbundle]	man

p. 6 —

hiruskgijra	warushanaga	egi	wangra	eja
hirusgijra	warus hanąga	égi	wągra	éja
bonds	[he got them, and]	[then]	the man	there

unagu	horusgijhireshe		aranakeja		wagirusgijhiranaga
’ųnąk’ų	horusgic	hireže.	Ara	nąkeja	wagirusgiciranąga
finally	to bind	they did.	His arms	behind	they bound them, and

egi	shejaga	hakarareshe	wangra	hija
égi	žejąga	hakarareže.	Wągra	hija
then	[finally]	they returned.	The man	there

horokungshe	unagu	hagieja	hahanheregi	eja
horok’ųže.	’Ųnąk’ų,	hagieja	hahąheregi	éja
[he joined them.]	Finally,	as they went	night came upon them	there

hiwoshabireshe	wangra	shege	hurawagi*	rusgij*
hiwuš’abireže.	Wągra	žigé	hura	wagirusgic
[they stopped.]	The man	[also]	his legs	to be bound together

* sic.

hireshe	egi	hirakarahireshe		haheserej
hireže.	Égi	hirakara	hireže,	hąheserec.
they were.	And	to guard	they did,	all night.

egi	hamb	hakerigi	shege	hagi
Égi	hąp	hakerigi,	žigé	hagi
Then	day	when it was,	again	[there]

hakarareshe	hambgashe	hura	wangjega	wagiruske
hakarareže.	Hąbgaše*	hura	wąkjega	wagiruske
they started on.	In the daytime	his legs	the man	bindings

*or hąbgaže ?

hiresrshe*	hanhegashe	rusgiji	hiresrshe	deshegu
hires’aže.	Hąhegaše	rusgici	hires’aže.	Težegų
[they would do.]	At night	to bind	they would do.	Thus

*sic. This orthography is found in Stucki's translation of the Bible.

giginagshe	hanhe	hokahi	hidanihanra	hakirina
giginąkše,	hąhe	hokahi.	Hitanihąra	hakirina
they did,	night	every.	The third one	[the return trip]

hiregishe	egi	hambhakirigishe	wang hiningka	eja
hiregiži,	égi	hąp hakirigiži,	wąk hinįka	éja
it was, and	[and]	as day approached,	the prisoner	[there]

shejaga	weshe	Shugepara	winigipax	hijenena
žejąga	weže,	"Šųgepara	winįkipax	hijeneną,"
[then]	he said,	"Šųgepaga	to ask something	I am going to do,"

p. 7 —

eshe	hisha	wangaguswigi	exji*	najjojanaga
éže.	"Hižą	wągagųswigi,	exjį	nąjojąnąga
he said.	"The one	who created us,	himself	he blessed me, and

*after this word, the word egi has been erased.

jajaxji	managre	nihegishe	egi	wijdee
jajaxjį	mąnągre	nihegiži,	égi	wijtee
as long as	the earth	it remains,	here	this continent

haise	wehaniheje	egi	hitubshana	esge
haisewe	haniheže,	égi	hit’ųpšaną.	Ésge,
weight	[I am around this place,]	[here]	he placed.	Therefore,

jage	ranaga	wairagishu	gishe	honagisharakjeje
jage	ranąga	wairagiš’ųgiži,		honagišarakježe
how	[to go, and]	you do to me		[you will put them on me]

hirawahajena	eshe	Shugepaga	nashinaga	wageshe
hirawahajeną?"	éže.	Šųgepaga	nąžįnąga	wageže,
[you will hand me?"]	[he said.]	Šųgepaga	he arose, and	he said to him,

egi	washagusra	mauna	e	nigusgishi
"Égi,	Wažągųsra,	Mą’ųna,	e	nigųsgiži,
"Well,	the Maker of Things,	Earthmaker,	he himself	he made you, and

xedenigusnunige			wangshig	hunubhimanira
xete	nigųs	nunige	wąkšik,	hinųbimąnįra,
great	he created you	but	humans,	[the two-legged walkers,]

wonaxhireuhiregeshe		waragipinaga	hisge	shurajege
wonąǧire	’ųhiregiži,	waragipįnąga	hišgé	š’ųrajege,
war	that they did,	you liked, and	also	you did it, and

wangshig	rajrajare	woishana	raxederarajege	unke
wąkšig	rajrajare.	Woišana	raxeterarajege,	hąké
humans	you are eating.	Wrong	you are doing a great one, and	not

piniragejini	esge	deshege	naxji	najhirojanena
pįniragejįnį,	ésge,	težege*	naxjį†	nąjihirojąneną.
since you have not done right,	therefore,	[in this way]	you	I was blessed.

*for težesge.
†< ne-haxjį, "you - one's own".

esge	wanigeuna	higeshe	egi	epina
Ésge,	wanige’ųną,"	higeže.	"Égi	epíną
Therefore,	I do thus to you,'	he said.	"And	it is good

p. 8 —

pixji	honagisharakra	hisgexji	washana	eshe
pįxjį	honagišarakra,	hisgéxjį	wašaną,"	éže,
[very good]	telling of it,	the truth	you have told me,"	he said,

Maswakjexijega	egi	washa	nige	howarajiwige
Mąswakjexijega.	"Égi	wašą	nįge	howarajiwige,
the iron Waterspirit.	"And	it would not do	[someplace]	if you go,

eja	hipihanishe	higujasge	hinagigiwijegi	egi
éja	hipįhaniže.	Higųjasge	hinagigiwijegi,	égi
where	you came from.	Whatever	you are going to do,	here

hinashuwige	e	xab•e	hisge	nigewawaha
hinašuwige,	e	xap’e	hisge	nįgewawaha
do it to me,	so	soon	[indeed]	my way

kerenana	egishe	wangwoiskajra	hijahirusja	hirege
kerenaną,"	egiži,	wągwoiskajra	hijahįrusja	hirege,
I may go,"	he said, so	the prisoner	death material	it was prepared, and

hijakereregishe	wesha	Shugepara	hirakra	washa
hijakereregiži,	weže,	"Šųgepara	hirakra	wažą
when they stood him ready,	he said,	"Šųgepaga	once more	something

hihegena	eshe	hohigegi		wesha	hirakra
hihegeną,"	éže.	"Ho,"	higegi,	weže,	"Hirakra
I will say,"	he said.	"All right,"	when he said,	he said,	"The last time

dani	hahijena	egi	danihura	hogishu
tani	hahįjeną,"	égi	tanihúra	hogižú
tobacco	I smoke,"	[and]	the pipe	to fill

hiranaga	ija	hagani	hireshe	dani
hiránąga	įja	hagani	hireže.	Tani
it was, and	mouth	to hold	they did.	Tobacco

hira	rusjagi	shege	nidagishe		waruxbeja
hira	rusjągi,	žigé	ni	tagiži,	Waruxabeja
[he did]	when he was through,	again	water	he asked for, and	from the Warbundle

raxnig	hisha	rushiranaga		nihinis
raxnįk	hižą	rus	hiránąga	ni	hiniš
little pail	a	to take	they did, and	water	to dip

hiranaga	nadanishu	shege	waruxbeja	rushiranaga
hiránąga	nątanižu	žigé	Waruxabeja	rus	hiránąga
they did, and	maple sugar	also	from the Warbundle	to take	they did, and

hogiruska	hiranaga	rajgu	gigireshe	egi
hogirusgą	hiránąga	rajga	gigíreže.	Égi
to mix	they did, and	to drink	they gave.	Then

p. 9 —

wainabgi	hamj	najwogashe	egi	pixji
wa’inąbgi,	hanąc	nąjwogaže.	Égi	pįxjį
as he was thankful,	all of them	he blessed.	Then	well

tehiwakeshishe		shugepaga	exji	hotera	higiperes
t’ehi	wakežiže	Šųgepaga	exjį	hot’era	higiperes
to kill	he told them.	Šųgepaga	[he himself]	to kill	he knew how

jige	esge	e	tehishe.	shugepaga
žigé	ésge	e	t’ehiže.	Šųgepaga
again	therefore	he	killed him.	Šųgepaga

homani	wanigi	dee	hisha	hereshe
homąnį	wanįgi,	tee	hižą	hereže.
[time/place he walked]	[when he took it,]	[this]	one	he did.

ariea*	shununa	wangshig	xedenigra	worak
Aireašųnųną,		wąkšik	xetenįgra	worak
So they say,		people	the old ones	stories

*this is a metathesis for airea-.

hirega	waruxb	homina*	egi	haniuhiregi
hirega.	Waruxap	homąnį	égi	hani’ųhiregi,
when they tell.	Warbundle	path	then	which was carried,

*this is a metathesis for homani.

de shegu	reginahanihajena			wang	hirusgijnagkage	de shegu regi
težegų	regina	hani	hajéną,	wąk-hirusgijnąkage.		Težegų regi
[now]	[to keep]	[to have]	[I do,]	man-bonds.		Even now

pixji	nagshna	neshegu regi	hirakana	hajena
pįxjį	nąkšaną.	Težegų regi	hirakana	hajéną.
very good	they are.	At this time	to be in charge	I am.

mani	hokahe	wagehau	hajena	nexji
Mąnį́	hokahi	wakihą’ų	hajéną.	Nexjį
Winter	every	I boil for it	[I do.]	My own

hijorkxji	wang	honihe	dee	wahagejini
hicokxjį	wąk	honįhé	tee	wahagejinį,
grandfathers	men	[band]	this	as they were them,

esge	wau	hajena
ésge	wa’ų	hajéną.
that is why	to do it	[I do.]

Source:

Paul Radin, "Shugepaga," Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, [1908]) Notebook #66, Story 1. Informant: Caxšep-Horuxjį-Hire-ga (They Look upon an Eagle) of the Eagle Clan.