Hōcąk Syllabic Text — The Funeral Customs and Wake of the Thunderbird Clan

narrated by a member of the clan

 
Winnebago V, #24: 75 (Hōcąk) Winnebago V, #24: 75 (English)

English Translation


Original Text — | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 |

Corresponding English Translation — | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 62v | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 |

Radin's Translation from The Winnebago Tribe: | 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 |


Stylistic Features

 

hapaxlegomena: hani’ų, "to be used"; higit’et’e, "to speak" (< higit’et’ešųnųižą, "he who is to speak"); hįkižu, "with me"; hiwaha, "to be passing something"; horet’ųt’ųk, "lies"; jasgáxjį (emphatic of jasga), "as much as there is" (inferred meaning); wažužu, an emphatic of wažu, "to place"; wīgų́s, "o’clock".


  rare words: , "to continue" (< hēna; found only in Marten); hįc, "to greet" (found only in Marino); hinąt’ék, "to be imprinted"; hisép, "to blacken"; hoką, "falling, death" (found only in Marino); hiwacábwira, "our own" (found only in Rave); ną̄́birusgíc, "ring"; wiré, "the things to work with" (found only in Lipkind); (< xājane), "to bury funeralwise" (found only in Kingswan).
  makes very extensive use of žesge.
 

kisga for kisge, "like".


 

warara for waraga, "relatives".


 

all declarative sentences except one end in -ną, which implies direct personal knowledge of their truth, as opposed to -že, which implies hearsay.


 


Winn. 5:24.52 = WT 140          
te e Ae Le n. L xo Ke K. Ai roAo KL. e tt A w o L. Ai d tee n.
Teé heréną. Raǧogega hisų́gᵉra éj́a hawa’ųra hižą́ t’éną.
Here it is. Holy One his brothers there having the misfortune one he died.

 


 

w Ki d. Ai no Ki d. wo LK L. Ai Ko Ai Ki rKe n. wK tt ne tee n.
Wągížą hinųgižą worágᵉra higų́ hikisgeną. Wąkjąne t’éną.
A man a woman the anouncement still it is the same. That person he has died.

 


 

Ai d. w n xi xeAe diAi Le n. w KiLi d. e Ki. di Ke. w Ki ta n KLe.
Hižą́ wanąǧí šīreže, wągᵉrižą. Égi žigé wagit’anągᵉre
Someone body to bury they tell, a man. And again those who are in mourning

 


 

Ai d. w n xi. Ao Ki tee do no L ni Ke n Ki ey o w Le n.
hižą́ wanąǧí hokit’éšųnųra. Nįgeną̄ki eowaréną.
one of them the departed they would talk to. To someplace they would go.

 


 

A Ko Ai n. ta Le. Ke ni xAey L ni. Ao Ki tee Kette Ke.
Haguhíną. T’āre kḗnį xeranį hokit’ekjege,
He went after them. This dead one not yet having not been buried because he would talk to,

 


        Winn. 5:24.53  
w n xi ttAi n KL. ttA we Ktt n Ae K. tt rKe Ai Le Ktt n Ae Ki. Ki Koro rA n. e Ki.
wanąǧí cinągᵉra cawekjanahega, jāsgé hirekjanahegi gigų́saną. Égi
the ghost house as he will go to, how when they would be doing to create for. And

 


 

Ai Ko Lo Ao Ki Ki Ai Le n. w Ki te L w Ki do ow n K.
hikorohógigi, hiréną. Wagitera wagižu ’uą́nąga
when he was ready, they did it. The mourner to place something before them he did, and

 


 

w d w Ai L. n tteKe wo tti  Ai Le Ki deKe Ai tt A tti Le n.
wažą́ wahira ną̄cgé wōcí hiregí, šge hija hajiréną.
something he was doing to be worried as he was, also there they came.

 


 

wy ni L. tt rKe liAi n Ki. de rKe. Ki Ki Le n. w n lii L deKe.
Wainį́ra jāsgé pįnągi, žesge gigíreną. Wanąp’į́ra šge
His clothing how if it is good, thus they did it to him. Necklaces also

 


 

ttA deAe L. Aoy xitti Ao Ki do Ai Le n. e Ki. n lA ri L deKe. wo Lo diAi KL
cašéra hoixjį́ hogižú hiréną. Égi ną̄pą̄zīra, šge worušígᵉra,
his neck to be full to offer they did. And yellow baskets, also wampum,

 


 

  WT 141            
deKe. n li Lo riKi ttL deKe e Ki. Ko Ke tt Ao too li Le n. e Ki. wo xeAe Kee L.
šge ną̄́birusgíjᵉra, šge égi kokeja hot’ųbireną. Égi woxek’era.
also finger rings, and then in the casket they laid him. Then he was digging a grave.

 


    Winn. 5:24.54    
A Ki Li Le n. w Ki ta n K. A ntt. Ai dtt L. o xiAi ni. Ai reAele
Hakirireną. Wagit’anąga haną́c hišjára ’ū́xį́nį hisép
They came back. They mourned, and everyone faces charcoal to blacken

 


 

w Ai Le n. e Ki. w n xi xA tt ne. Ai tto Ki n Ki Le n.
wahíreną. Égi wanąǧí xājane hijoginąkireną.
they caused them to be. And body to be given a funeral they went back.

 


 

Lo a Ai L n K. wo xeAe L. A tti ttA w Ai Le n. w Ki ta n KeLe.
Ro ahiranąga* woxera hajica wahíreną. Wagit’anągᵉre
Body they went after, and the grave to start for they caused them to do. The mourners

* < hahire-anąga, the /h/ having been lost to external sandhi.


 

A Ke tt. x Ki L n K. Ai Le n Ki Le n. e Ki. w n xi Ao xeAe tt
hāgéja ǧakiranąga hiréną. Kireną. Égi wanąǧí hoxéja
afterwards they wept, and it was done. They left. And body to the grave

 


 

A Ai Le n. ttAo we tt w n xi L. wo xeAe tt Ao too li Le n. e Ki. w Ki ta tt ne
hahíreną. Cowéja, wanąǧíra woxéja hot’ųbireną. Égi wagit’ájane
they came. In front, the body in the grave they laid him. And the mourners

 


           Winn. 5:24.55    
w o n. wo xeAe L. Ki rA Ke tt. A tal dA n. Ai Lo nK n K. A ntt.
waų́ną. Woxera kisakeja hat’apšaną. Hironą́ganąga haną́c
they did it. The grave in the center they jumped over. He followed, and everyone

 


 

A ta li Le n. di Ke ttAi L A Ki Li ttA Ki wy Le n. A Ke
hat’ąpireną. Žigé círa hakirí cagiwaíreną. Hąké
they raced after him. Again the lodge to come back they started back. Not

 


 

Ai d A Ktt lini. ttAi L ttA Ki wy Le n. e Ki. w n xi xA tte K.
hižą́ hākją́pnį círa cagiwaíreną. Égi wanąǧí xājega,
one of them not to look back the lodge they started back. And body the buried one,

 


 

w n xi L. A wo n n K. Ke Le n Ao we w Ki Ki L Ae n.
wanąǧíra hawúnąnąga keré. Howé wagigira hēną,
the body it was covered, and it went down. To go about doing it he continued,

 


 

wK w doAo deAe Ai L rA. e Ki. e Ki. w Ki ta n KeLe. Ao xtt n Ki. w Lo ttL
wąkwášoše hirasá, égi égi wagit’anągᵉre hoxjánągi warújᵉra
warriors in particular, and then those in mourning in the evening food

 


 

Lo A to tti Le n. e Ki. tt tt wi Li Le Ki. w Ki ta n KeLe
rōhą́ tucį́reną. Égi jają́ wiriregi, wagit’anągᵉre
a lot they prepared. And when when the sun went down, the chief mourner

 


        Winn. 5:24.56    
w o n. n dtt ni Ki di. t xiAi ni Ai n. leAe tte tt. t e.
waų́ną. Ną̄šją́ nįgíži taxįnį hiną́ pejéja ta’é
he did it. Hard stick over to this place to burn up enough in the fire to blaze up

 


 

w n xo mi K K. Ao de ttyi tt. too ld n.  t e.
wanąǧómįkąka hožeją́ija t’ų̄́pšaną. Ta’é
at where he laid in the ghost bed over there at the end he put. It blazed up

 


 

rA niKi wiy xele Aowe tt. e Ki. Ai tt Ki n. w n xi xeAe tte K. w Lo ttL
sānį́k wiaǧép hūēja, égi hija gīną. Wanąǧí xējēga warújᵉra
east (where the sun rises), then there he returned. Body that grave the food

 


 

Ai Ki deAe Le n. Ai tt do n. wo mi d n K e Ki. de Ko Ai n. e Ki. w Ki ta n KeLe
higišereną. Hijąšųną womį́žanąka, égi žegų hiną. Égi wagit’anągᵉre
he attended to. He prepares the matting, and thus he did. And the mourner*

* the translation renders this as "the chief mourner".


 

we n. Ao Ki K L ttL. ni Ke A dA nK wi Ki. ni Ko Lo Aitti wi n. tt Ko
wéną, "Hokíkarajᵉra, nįgé hašanąkwigi, nįkuruhįjwįną. Jagú,
he said, "Relatives, there you having remained, we greet you. Well,

 


 

liAi A ow n K. ni Ko Lo Aitti wi de. m ni Ke. w xiAi wi L. Ai reAe we
pı̨̄ ha’ųanąga nįkuruhįjwįže. Mąnįge waxiwira hisewe
I am well, and we greet you. Because walking [they were burying him] ? still*

* in the sense of not moving.


        Winn. 5:24.57        
y Ki rKe L. w do KiAi L. liAi L Ki Ki wi K tt. Ao xl Ai L wi L.
yākísgera. Wažókįrà pįra, gigiwigają, hoxap hirawira,
I am being equal to. The relatives the good ones, after I have done, you have come to visit me,

 


 

e Ki. ni Ktt KL. Ai Ki xA w ni L. w Lotto K L Ki o n i w d
égi nįkją́gᵉra higixawanirera waruckaragi’ų ną̄́’į, wažą́
and the child who has been lost I have prepared cooked food I have tried, something

 


 

niKi to tti Le L. ni L. t ni L. Ai do K Kette Ki. w n xi xeAe L.
nįk tucirera, nįra, tānį́ra hižókakjegi,* wanąǧí xēra
little which is well cooked, water, tobacco while keeping it handy, body being buried

* < hižók-hakje-gi.


 

Ai d Ai Le Ki. de rKe Ai Ktt n Ae Ke. w A nK dA n.
hižą́ hiregí, žesge hikjanahega, wahaną́kšaną.
one of them as he was, thus as he was going to be there, it is why I am saying this.

 


 

ni Ko Lo Aitti wi n. e Ki di. e Ki. t ni L. e Ki.
Nįkuruhįjwįną," egíži. Égi tānį́ra égi
We greet you," he said. Then the tobacco and

 


 

ni L. w n xi xA n K w Lo rA n. e Ki.
nįra wanąǧí xānąka warusana, égi
the water soul the one buried he took out, and

 


                            Winn. 5:24.58      
Ai d. w n xi Ai Ki tee tee doAo noyi d Ai tt n Ki e. t ni Ao L. Ao Koo n.
hižą́ wanąǧí higit’et’ešųnųižą hijanąki e tānį́hurá hok’ų́ną,
someone soul one who is to speak there him his pipe he gave,

 


 

ni L Ai L rA. e Ki. we n. t ni Ao. Ao Koo Le Ai Le K.
nįra hirasá, égi wéną, "Tānį́hu hok’ų́re hiregá,
the water together with, and he said, "Pipe given as it was,

 


 

ni Ko Lo Aitti wi n. ni Key dA n K. A K K rKeyi d. tt Ko liAi Ai o wiy n K.
nįkuruhįjwįną. Nįgeašąną́ga, hagagasgeižą jagú pįhí ų́wiánąga
we greet you. [When anything was extra,]? [alas] how carefully you did, and

 


 

Ai Ki Ko Lo Aitti A nK deAe no ni Ke. Ao e L de rK Le tt
hįgikoro, hįc, hąną́kše, nųnįgé ho’era žesgáreną.
I have been hit hard, to greet, to moan, but responding thus they are.

 


 

Ai w n K tt. e Ki. w n xi. Ao K ay Le n. w K ttAK deAe. e rKe Ai Ke
Hiwanagają, égi wanąǧí hoką, aíreną. Wakącąkše. Ésge hįké
But it overcame me, and soul falling, they say. It is holy. So not

 


 

tt Ko Ki liAi e liAi ni de ay Le n. no ni Ke. Ai A n de
jagú gipį́ epįnįže, aíreną, nųnįgé hihanáže.
how to feel good it is not good, they say, but I am saying it.

 


    Winn. 5:24.59    
Ai K L K Ai Le n. A Lette Ai Le Ki. A Ke w n xi
Hikaraga hiréną, harec hiregi, hąké wanąǧí
To say to their own they did, [if something is substituted for the proper thing,] not soul

 


 

m no ni w Ki Ki ni n de Ai K L K Ai Le n. e rKe liAi xitti
mą̄nų́nį wagiginį̀nąže, hikaraga hiréną. Ésge pįxjį
to lose his way it would not have caused him, to say to their own they did. So very well

 


 

w n xi L w Ki tee Ktt ne n. n K. ni Ko Lo Aitti wi n. e Ki. t ni Ao L.
wanąǧíra wagit’ekjaneną. Nąka, nįkuruhįjwįną." Égi tānį́hurá
the departed [I shall mourn.] Those seated, we greet you." Then his pipe

 


 

A ni mi nK dA n. a rA niKi. e Ki. a rA niKi. Ao mi nK n K. e tt.
hani miną́kšąną. Asanį́k égi asanį́k homįnąkanąga éja
he took up he sat down. Arm to arm (?)* he sat, and there

* this may be equivalent to the English "shoulder to shoulder." 


 

n Ke Aiye tt. nl lL. Ai w A Ai Le Ai n. e Ki. w n n. Ao Ao.
nąke-hiéja nąbᵉra hiwaha hirehiną. Égi wanā́na, "Hohó!"
in back of him by hand passing it he sent. And he said, "Hoho!"

 


 

e n. Ai L rAe Lette ttAi we n. w n xi L. Ki
éną. Hirasereci, wéną, "Wanąǧíra gī,"
he said. After a very long time, he said, "The ghost he has returned,"

 


 

w we n. te e Le n t ni L. w d
wą, wéną, "Te’éreną, tānį́ra. Wažą
he hallooed, he said, "Here it is, the tobacco. Someone

 


                       Winn. 5:24.60      
A Li L tte Kette de. roAo Ke L L Ki L tt ne Le K tt. t ni Ao L
hārí rajekježe. Sųkéra rakį́ rają̄nēgają. Tānį́hurá
far away you will be. In back you pose you stand. The pipe

 


 

A L K L diAi ni m liAi ni Kette L. w o Le Ki L. w Lo ttL liAi ni
harakárašini mą̄́pįnį́kjera. Wa’ų́regi warújᵉra pįni
you have it along with you that you might have good smoke. For lunch food good

 


 

Ki o xitti Ai L n K. A L K L diAi ni m diAi ni Kette L. e Ki. A Ae L.
kių́xjį hiránąga harakárašini mąšínįkjera, égi hąhéra
made well they did, and you have it along with you as you go, and nights

 


 

      WT 142    
tto l A. Ai Ki do wo dA Ktt ne n. e Ki. te e Le n. m diAi ni L
jobą́hą hįkižu wošakjaneną. Égi te’éreną. Mąšínįra,
four with me you will have to remain. And here it is. As you go,

 


 

Ke Le Ki. wi Lo LK. Ai doo Ktt ne n. w do Ki w diAi ni L. w n tto tty rKe.
keregi, wirorak hiš’ųkjaneną. Wažṓkį wašinira waną́cocąį́ske
when you  leave, mediator we ask you to act. Relatives your to be pitied

 


                    Winn. 5:24.61
w w L K L Ki doo n. e rKe. tt Ko. Ao Ly dtt L. wi Lo n dii Ktt ne n.
wawárakaragiš’ų́ną. Ésge jagú horaíšjąra wirunąš’į́kjaneną.
you have made them. So what you’ve left undone you will try to leave them behind.

 


 

mAi A KeLe Ki. wo n xi Le L. w diAi diAi KL. w Kidi Ko i L. tt rK xitti Ao Ly dtt L.
Mąhihagᵉregi woną́ǧirera, wašišigᵉra, wąkšigo’į́ra, jasgáxjį horaíšjąra,
On earth wars, goods, life, as much as there is you’ve left undone,

 


 

te de rKe. L t m diAi ni Ktt ne n. e Ki. w L Ko no lL.* daK w L K. Ai Ki d
téžesge ratá mąšínįkjanéną, égi warakinųbᵉra, š’akwaraga hįkižą
this you ask for as you go, and your brothers, your parents not one

* this should be w L Ki no lL.


 

A Ae L K L ni Ktt ne n. A Ki d a dKe Ai Lo ni nK
haherák ranikjaneną. Hąkížą ašgé hironínąk
to have premonitions you will return. No one near to follow you

 


 

Ai L ni Ktt ne n. me de rKe L t m diAi ni Ktt ne n
hiranįkjaneną. Mežesgera mąšínįkjanéną.
they will do. These sort of things to ask for as you go.

 


 

A Ao. a n K. t ni Ao L. t e Ai n wo Lotto n K Ao Ki Kixi
"Hąhó," ánąga tānį́hurá taehiną. Worujᵉnąka hogįgį́x
"Alright," he said, and the pipe he lights. This meal to be passed around

 


                Winn. 5:24.62        
mi nK n Ki. Ai L Ki w Le Le Ai n. ni L di Ke.
mįnągᵉnąki, hiragi, ware rehíreną Nįra žigé
while they were seated, when they had reached, work it went quickly. The water again

 


 

Ai reKe miKi L ttK n K. Ai L Ki w Le Le Ai n.
hisgé mįk racgąnąga hiragi, ware rehíreną
some he sat he drank, and when it had reached him, work it went quickly.

 


 

Ao Ki Ki xL. e Ki. w Lo tti Le n. w Lotto Lo dtt Ai Le L. e Ki.
Hogįgį́gᵉra égi warújireną. Warujᵉrušją hirera, égi
It was being passed around and they ate it. To be finished eating they were, then

 


 

w n xi xA n K w o n. t ni. Ai L n K. e Ki t ni Ao L
wanąǧí xānąka waų́ną. Tānį́ hiránąga égi tānį́hurá
soul the one buried they did it. Tobacco they did, and then the pipe

 


 

Ai L rA. Lo r n K. wK w doAo deAe d Ai tt n KL. Ao Koo n. w n xi.
hirasá rusanąga wąkwašošežą hija nągᵉrá hok’ų́ną. Wanąǧí
also he takes, and a warrior there who is sitting he gives it to. Spirit

 


 

n Ko o Kette L. Ao Ki rK Le. e n. A Ao. e n.
nągú ’ųkjéra. Hokisagre éną, "Hąhó," éną,
route he will be taking. In their midst he says, "Alright," he says,

 


          Winn. 5:24.63
wK w doAo deAe L. e Ki. we n. w do Ki L. ni Ko Lo Kitti Le A wi n. tt Ko  
wąkwašošera. Égi wéną, "Wažókįrà nįkúrukjirehawiną. Jagú  
the warrior. Then he said, "Relatives I greet you all. What  

 


 

liAi Ai o wiy n K. Ai Ki Ko Lo Aitti tt nK deAe
hi’ųwianąga hįgigo ruhįc jánąkše,
good we are doing, and I have called by ceremonial greeting all that there were,

 


 

no ni Ke. Ao e L de Ko Ke Ai w n K tt. e Ki. liAi xitti. w n xi L.
nųnįgé ho’era žegų ke hiwanąkáją. Égi pįxjį wanąǧíra
but responding thus it is the custom* I say this. Then very well the departed

* ke means "reguarly" as attested elsewhere (1, 2).


 

w Ki t Ki Ktt ne n. n Ko Ki o m ni Kette L. A ttiAi tt. ttA we Ki. e tt
wagitagikjaneną. Ną̄gú ki’ų manįkjera, hacį́ja cāwégi, éja
I will tell it. Road made he will be walking, where if he goes, there

 


 

liAi xitti Ai K ni A Ai Le Ktte de rKe w Ki t Ki Ktt ne n. e Ki. A Ke Ai L tty L.
pįxjį hįganihahirekje, žesge wagitagikjaneną. Égi hąké hirajaíra
very well he will be conducted, thus I will tell him. Then not more

 


                        Winn. 5:24.64
w d L Ai d w do do ni Ktt ne n. tt rKe xitti A L. de rKe Ai Ae Ktt ne n.
wažąrá hižą́ wažužunįkjaneną. Jasgéxjį hara, žesge hihekjaneną.
anything he will misplace. As much as he is going, this I will tell him.

 


 

Ao Le too tooKo Ai tt w do do Ki. w n xi riAi lA Ki deAe we A Ktt n Ae de ay Le n.
Horet’ųt’ųk hija wažužugi, wanąǧí sīpágišewé hakjanaheže, aíreną.
Lies there if I set down, ghost to stumble I will cause, they say.

 


 

e rKe Ai Ke de rKe A ni Ktt ne n. wo n xi Le Ai Lo K n L.
Ésge, hįké žesge hanikjaneną. Wonaǧire Hirukąnąra
Therefore, not that I will not do it. The War Controllers

 


 

w w Ki t Ki Ktt ne n. liAi xitti w n xi L n Ko Ki o Ktt L w Ki t Ki Ktt ne n.
wawagitakikjeną. Pįxjį wanąǧíra nągú ki’ųkjara wagitagikjaneną.
I will tell them. Very well the ghosts route they are going I will tell them.

 


 

A Ke. tee Ai Le. A Ki A. w nK L de rKe Ao t Kini Ktt ne n.
Hąké t’ehire hakihą́, wanągᵉra, žesge hotáknįkjaneną.
Not they were killed again, for a second time, the history, that I will not tell.

 


        Winn. 5:24.65
ne xitti tee w A L. de rKe Ao t Ki Ktt ne n. ne wi to K n xitti L
Nexjį t’ewahara žesge hotagíkjanèną. Ne witukanaxjįra,
Mine only that I had killed these I will tell. I having a right to command,

 


 

de rKe. w Le A diAi Ktt ne n. t ni Ao L. w o ne Ki L. leAe ttL
žesge ware, hašíkjaneną. Tānį́hurá, wa’ųnegi, péjᵉra
thus I am doing it, I will command them. The pipe, the food, the fire

 


 

A K ni m ni Le Ktt ne n. ay Lo t[i] o n Koo A ttAi tt ttA we Ki e tt
haganimanįkjeną. Airuti ųnąk’ų hacį̄́ja cāwégi, éja
they will carry for him. To lead by the arm they were doing to where when they went, there

 


 

A ni A Ai Le Ktt ne n. ni Ko Lo Aitti Le A wi tti Ko. a n K. A Ko Ley d. to ttA
hanihahírekjaneną. Nįkúruhįjᵉrehàwijį́go!" ánąga hagoreižą tōcą́
they will lead him. We greet you!" he said, and then his warpath

 


 

Ai Ki. de rKe Ao L Kede. tt rKe xitti Ai Ki Ai Lo w ttoKo ritti
higi, žesge horákše. Jasgéxjį higi, hirowacgusįc,
if he had done, these he told. All when he had done, and so forth,

 


 

Ao rK deAe. wo L KL. e tt xitti wi Koro. nolo litti t ni xitti a n K
horákše. Worágᵉra ḗjaxjį́, wīgų́s nų́pji tānį́xjį, anąga
he told it. The stories about that time, o’clock about two about three, and

 


     Winn. 5:24.66              
L dtt Ki. Ao e Le L Ae Le n. A Ae t ni A de de rKe Ai Ai Le n.
rašją́gi, ho’eréra heréną. Hą̄hé taníhą žežesge hi hiréną.
when he stops, to disperse they did. Night three thus to do they did.

 


 

Aoy diAili. Ao xtt n K. n o rete xoAo no ni KL. Ai d Ai tt
Hoišíp hoxjaną́ga naų́ste xununįgᵉra hižą́ hija
Always in the evening ember the little ones one of them there

 


 

Ki too l A n Kd n. leAette de e e A ni m ni Ktt ne Ke e rKe.
kit’ųbahanąkšaną. Pēc žee e hanį manįkjanége, ésge
they place. Fire this it he takes as he will be walking, so

 


 

tt rKe Ai Le K. de rKe Ai Le n t ni A. re Ki.* A Ae
jāsgé hiregá, žesge hiréną. Taníhą zēgi, hą̄hé
how as it was, these they did. Three [?], night

* the previous word, t ni A, appears to have a period after it. The succeeding word re Ki also appears to have an initial letter r. Could this letter r be a poorly executed L ? If so, perhaps it belongs with the previouss word to form taníhąregi, "after those three (nights)".


 

Ai tto l A L. Lo A xitti Ao Ki L Ki Le n. wK w doAo deAe L tt n K Ki deKe.
hijobą́hąrá rōhą́xjį hogirakireną. Wąkwašošera jánąga gišge
the fourth many they told them. The brave men all to do

 


             Winn. 5:24.67  
w Lo ttL Lo A xitti to tti Le n. e Ki. w d w Ai Le L. w Ki ta n K.
warújᵉra rōhą́xjį tucį́reną. Égi wažą́ wahírera wagit’anąka
food lots they prepared. And things the relatives the mourners

 


 

w n xi Koo dKe w K ni A tti Le n. tt rKe Ai L n K. Ki liAi
wanąǧí ki’ų šge wagąni hajiréną. Jāsgé hiránąga gipį́
ghost games* also to bring they came. So they did, and to enjoy

* translated by Radin as "mourning games".


 

Ai L n Ki de rKe w Ki Ki Ai Le n. e Ki. Ai tto l A L.
hiranągi, žesge wagigí hiréną. Égi hijobą́hąrá
after they did, these to have something done they did. Then the fourth

 


 

A Ae Ke. leAe ttL. Ai tto lL Ai tt A K ni A Ai Le n. e Ki. di Ke.
hą̄hége, péjᵉra híjobᵉrà hija haganį́ hahíreną. Égi žigé
because it was night, the fire the fourth there to take for they came. And again

 


 

w Lo ttL Ai Lo dtt Ai n. w n xi xAe L. e Ki. di Ke. Ai tee tee n.
warújᵉra hirušją́ hiną. Wanąǧí xerá égi žigé hit’et’éną,
food to be ready it was. Ghost the mound and again he spoke,

 


                         Winn. 5:24.68
w Ki tee L. ni Ko Lo Aitti wi n. Ao Ki K L ttL tt Ko liAi A ow n n K  
"Wagit’era, nįkuruhįjwįną! Hokíkarajᵉra, jagú ha’ųananąka  
"Mourners, we greet you! Relatives, what good did I do  

 


 

ni Ko Lo Aitti wi de. e Ki. Ao diAi diAiKi. w we L. w do Ki L. A n
nįkuruhįjwįže? Égi hošišík wawéra, wažókįrà, háną.
with our greeting you? And trouble being burdened, relatives, I am.

 


 

liAi Ai L K L Ki wi L. Ai m dtt Ai L K L Ki wi n. w KidiKi i
hirakaragiwira; himaį́šją hirakaragiwiną. Wąkšigi
Good you are acknowledging me; I am strengthened you have acknowledged me. To live

 


 

    Radin, WT 143      
n i Ai L diAi wi L. Ai dA L Kr liwi n. de rKe A Ktt ne n. Ai Ke
ną̄́’į hirašiwira. Hįšaraksabwiną. Žēsgé hakjanéną. Hįké
I try you are telling me. You have brought me back to my senses. Thus I will do. Not

 


 

A Low Ki Ki di ni Ktt ne n. liAi Ai L Ki Ki wi K tt. w do Ki L.
haruą́gigišinįkjaneną. hiragigiwigają, wažókįrà,
you will not cause me to be lifted over it. Good as you have done, relatives,

 


 

Ao xA li L wiy n K. tt Ko L. A ntt. Ai L Ki tti dA L wi K tt.
hoxapirawianąga jagúra haną́c hiragi ci šarawígają,
you have come to visit me, and whatever everyone to bring back lodge when you go,

 


  Winn. 5:24.69        
e Ki. A Ae te e. A Ae Ai Low KL. Ae Ley n K. A A li.
égi hą̄hé teé hą̄hé hiroágᵉra hereánąga hahąbī
then night this night the last one it is, and to stay up until daylight

 


 

wK w doAo deAe Ai w ttAl wi L. wo K L Ki Le Ktt n A n K. w d L Ai d
wąkwášoše hiwacábwira wokarakįrekjaną, hanąga wažąra hižą́
warriors our own they will bring their own, and the things one

 


 

w xtty deKe. Ai Kd L L xe A dA nK wi deKe. Ai dKe y Kd n Ki Ktt ne n.
waxjaišgé hikšára raǧe hašanągwišge hišgé yākšánąkikjaneną.
some fun laughing you make noise you remain, also I also I make myself laugh.

 


 

wi no w Ko ni. wo xe L wi dKe e Ay liAi n Ki Ktt ne n. de de rKe
Winowaguni woxerawi šge e haipįnąkikjaneną. Žežesge
Without trouble you made noise also it I will be enjoying myself. This

 


      Winn. 5:24.70    
ny L xoKo wi Ke w Ae n. Ao Ki K L ttL ni Ko Lo Aitti wi n. e Ki. w n xi
nąiraxgų́wige, wahéną. Hokíkarajᵉra nįkuruhįjwįną!" Égi wanąǧí
because you hear me, it is why I said it. Relatives we greet you!" Then ghost

 


 

Ao Ki tee Ktt n Ae K. Ai tee tee n. ni Ko Lo Aitti Le A wi n. de rKe K tt.
hokit’ekjanahega hit’et’éną. "Nįkúruhįjireháwiną. Žesgĕgáją,
the one who is to address he spoke. "We have sent forth greetings to you. Indeed it is so,

 


 

A K K rKey d no ni Ke. de tt K. wK Kidi Ko i L. de rKe Ao w Ar wi K tt.
hagagasgeižą, nųnįgé žejąga wąkšigo’į́ra žesge howahaswigają,
alas, but now his life this when they drive it,

 


 

e Ki. w n xi L. tt rKe Ao w Lo Ktte L. w Ki t Ki Ktt A Le. A Ke
égi wanąǧíra jāsgé howarokjera, wagitakikjahare, hąké
and the ghost how he will be hanging, he is going to be told, not

 


 

w n xi L. m no ni A ni Ktt ne n. wo dK te e. A Ke leAe de Ke Le K.
wanąǧíra mą̄nų́nį hanikjanaheną. Wošgą́ teé hąké pežḗgerega
the ghost to lose his way I will not cause it. Affairs like this not for whoever it is

 


Winn. 5:24.71            
A ni de ay Le n. A Ke Ai w xitti Ke Le A ni o Ai L ni de.
hąnįže, aíreną. Hąké hiwaxjį keré hani’ų hiranįže.
it was not so, they say. Not [starting point ?] to depart to be used it would not be done.

 


 

e rKe. te e. ne Ai A ni Ae Kette L. Ko tt. Ai ttAo Ke w A L.  A niy tti Le Ki.
Ésge teé nē, hiránihékjera gōjá, hicṓkewáhara hániąjìregi,
So this me, where they should be over there, my grandfather having brought,

 


 

tt tti K. e tt a tti L. e Ki. ne Ai Ae Ktt. Ai too L Le n. e rKe.
jajíga éja ajira, égi hihekja hit’ų́rareną. Ésge
my father there he was saying, and me I could say it was left to. So

 


 

lAi xitti w n xi L. n Ko L w K t Ki Ktt ne n. A Ke. w n xi L.
pį̄xjį wanąǧíra nągúra wakatakīkjaneną. Hąké wanąǧíra
the right the spirit of the departed the road I will tell it to him. Not the ghost

 


 

riAi lA Ki dAe we w Ki Ki ni Ktt ne n. e Ki. A niy A Ktt ne n. A ntt a wiy tte.
sīpágišewé wagiginįkjaneną. Égi hanįą́hakjaneną. Haną́c awiaje.
to stumble I will not cause him. Then I shall breathe. Everyone you will say.

 


Winn. 5:24.72          
A Ke a ni n K. A Ke w Kidi Ko i L. reAe Lette Ai Ki t Ai L ni K.
Hąké anįnąka, hąké wąkšigo’į́ra seréc higita hiranįga,
Not they do not say, not life long he asks for when they did not do,

 


 

Ai Ke ay L ni ra de ay Le n. A ntt a wiy tte. Ao. i ne Ki a n K.
hįké airanįs’àže. aíreną. Haną́c awiaje, "Ho!" inéki ánąga
not they don't ever say, they say. Everyone you will say, "Ho!" alone he said, and

 


 

e Ki. |* A. e Ki A ntt Ai deAe Ktt n A wi n Ao L dtty tt w Ke n.
égi, 'Ha!' égi haną́c hišekjanahawiną. Horašjaija wagéną.
then, 'Ha!' then everyone you will utter. The end of it I mean.

* a vertical line, |, occurs here in the text.


 

e Ki. we de. w de. rii |Ao|* e de m dtt xitti.
Égi wéže, wą̄že s’ī "Ho!" éže, mąšjąxjį,
And he said it, he called out long time, "Ho!" he said, mightily,

* Ao is bracketed by two short vertical lines.


 

e Ki. we de. A Li L tte Ktte de. A Li L tte Ktte de.*
égi wéže, "Hārí rajékježe. Harí rajékježe.
and he said, "Far off you are standing. Far off you are standing.

* this line is repeated twice.


 

roAo Ke Le Ki. A tt ne. t ni L. me e Le n. e Ki. te e
Sų̄kéregi hają̄nḗ. Tānį́ra meereną. Égi tee
Right behind me I see. Tobacco here it is. And these

 


Winn. 5:24.73        
ttAo we tt A diAi ni m diAi ni Kette L. t ni Ao L. e Ki. leAe ttL
cōwéja, hašįnį́ mąšínįkjera: tānį́hurá égi péjᵉra
in front, you take along as you go: the pipe and the fire

 


 

A L K L di ni m diAi ni Kette L. e Ki. w Lo ttL. w d w L K.
harakárašini mąšínįkjera, égi warújᵉra wažą́ waraga
you have it along with you as you go, and the food items relatives

 


 

ni Ki oyi Le n. de Le Ktt n A Le. Ay ni Ki. wi L xeLe Ao Ki.
nįki’ųireną. Žerékjanahare haínigi wiraǧéphugi.
they have prepared for you. You are to start in the morning when the sun rises.

 


 

dAe Le Ki di. ttKe L tti Ke Le K tt n Kowo xeAe te xitti d Ao L tal L tti dA n Ki Ktt ne n.
Šeregiži, cgera jikeregáją, naguaxetexjįžą horat’ąp rajišanąkikjaneną.
When you go, not far starting out, a wide road you step on you will come to.

 


 

de e Ao L w dAe Le Ki. ttAe Kitti L. doo A L Ai K tt. e tt m L
Žee hòrawášerékigi, cekjįra š’ųharahigają, éja mąra
This if you go, the first thing you go and do when you arrive, there the ground

 


                         Winn. 5:24.74      
Ki ttoKo xKi Ktt ne n. n m ttAe L. Ai L Kow n K. Ao L tti Ktt ne n. AK Le Ki
gicgúxkikjaneną. Ną̄mą́cera hiraguanąga horajikjaneną. Hākregi
it will cut across. Your war club you take, and you will strike it. Behind

 


 

Ao L too deAe Le Ktt ne n. A Ke A L Ktt lini. di Ke deAe Le Ktt ne n.
horat’ųšerekjaneną. Hąké harakjąbᵉnį žigé šerekjaneną.
you will throw it and go on. Not do not look back again you will go on.

 


 

e tt A doAo wo tti L tti dA n Ki Ktt ne n. w diAi diAi KL. di Ke AK Le Ki
Éja hašuwojirajišanąkikjaneną. Wašišigᵉra, žigé hākregi
There you will come. Goods, again behind

 


 

Ao L too deAe Le Ktt ne n. A Ke A L Ktt lini. di Ke deAe Le Ktt ne n. di Ke
horat’ųšerekjaneną. Hąké harakjąbᵉnį žigé šerekjaneną. Žigé
you will throw them and go on. Not do not look back again you will go on. Again

 


      Winn. 5:24.75
dow L Ai K tt. w noyi tteKe L. A doAo wo tti Ktt ne n. di Ke Ai Ke A L Ktt lini
žowarahigają, wanoícgera hašowojikjaneną. Žigé hįké harakjąbᵉnį
as you go along, animals you will come upon. Again not do not look back

 


 

A KeLe Ki Ao L too deAe Le Ktt ne n. de e. m Ai A KeLe Ki. Ao w
hagrégi, horat’ųšerekjaneną. Žee mąhihagᵉregi howa
behind you, you will throw them and go on. These on earth towards

 


 

Ao w L Ki Ki w doo Ktt ne n. wo n xi Le L. w KidiKi w d ni Le L.
howaragigi waš’ųkjaneną, woną́ǧirera, wąkšik, wažą́ nirera,
they come you will be the cause of it, war, life, things in the waters,

 


 

wy noyo ttKe L. w Lo ttL. e Ki  e tt dAe Le Ki di Ai Ke
wainoicgera warújᵉra; égi éja šeregiži, hįké
animals food; and there when you go, not

 


 

A Li dA L ni Ktt ne n. e tt ttAi lAo Lo Ke d. A doAo wo tti L tti dA n Ki Ktt ne n.
harišaranįkjaneną. Éja ciporokeižą hašuwojirajišanąkikjaneną.
you will not have gone far. There an oval lodge you will come.

 


                       Winn. 5:24.76
Ai to Ke ni Ki d w o n Ki Ktt ne n. e de e. wo ni Ki L Ki Kette L
hitokenigížą wa’ųnąkikjaneną. Éžee wonįkirakikjera
An old woman there will be. This one she will be informing you

 


 

w o nK dA n. Ai ttAo dKe tt Ko Ai ni Ky Le de e Ktt ne n.
wa’ųnąkšaną. "Hicųšgé, jagú hinįgaireže?" ekjaneną.
she is. "Grandson, what it is your name?" she will ask.

 


 

w L Ke Ktte n. Ko ni K. Ao y Ko Lo Ao L. te e. wi Lo LK
Warakekjeną, "Kunį́ka, hoyakuruhora, tee wirorak
You will tell her, "Grandmother, when I was about to start, this mediator

 


 

y o Kette ay Le n. t ni Ao L. i Ke Le L Ki Ki Ktt ne n. Ko ni K.
ya’ųkje, aíreną. Tānį́hurá įkere ragigikjaneną. "Kunį́ka,
I was given, they said. The pipe to insert in her mouth you may do. "Grandmother,

 


 

daK w A L. w Ki no lL. Ao Ki K L tt ni L. Ao tt wo w rili
š’akwahara, wakinųbᵉra, hokikarajanira, hoją́ wōwázip
my parents, my brothers, my relatives, already to be lonesome

 


 

w K L Ki Ke. wo n xi Le L. tt rKe. woyo to Ki Kii L. Lo Ko Ai Le n.
wakarágige, woną́ǧirera, jasgé woitokík’įra, rogųhireną.
because I have made them, wars, as well as honors, they are wished for.

 


                 Winn. 5:24.77      
Ao tt. w n tto tty rKe w K L Ki Ke. w Kidi Ko i L tt rKe wy dtt Ao L.
Hoją́ waną́cocąį́ske wakarágige, wąkšigo’į́ra jasgé waišjąhúra,
Already to be pitied because I have made them, the life whatever I left behind,

 


 

de e. ty Le n. e Ki. A Ke A K Ai Lo tti e Ki Ai d tti n Kette
žee taíreną. Égi hąge hąká hirujį égi hižą́ jinąkje,
this they ask. And the last not for some time and one they might travel,

 


 

ay Le n. e Ki. w KidiKi w d ni Le L. tt n K to Kd Ki. di Ke
aíreną. Égi wąkšik wažąnirera jánąga tūką́šgi,* žigé
they said. And people such things all if I left behind, again

* for tūk’ą́š, "I left behind"?


 

de e A Ai Le n. te de rKe Ko ni K Ai Ky Le n. Ao y Ko Lo Ao L.
žee hahiréną. Téžesge, kunį́ka, hįgaíreną. Hoyakuruhora,
these they reach there. This, grandmother, I was told. When I was about to start,

 


 

WT, 144        
n Ko L. Aoyi tte L. tto liAi wi m ni ttAo Ai n teeKe tte Ki. n Ko L.
nągúra hoijera jōpíwi mą̄nį́co hinąt’ékjégi, nągúra
the road my steps four blue clay that will be imprinted, the road

 


 

m ni ttAo Ao do tte Ki e w w te Ktt ne A Ky Le n. Ko ni K.
mą̄nį́co hožujegi, e wawátekjane, hakaireną, kunį́ka."
blue clay as they are imprinted, these I will be going, they told me, grandmother."

 


Winn. 5:24.78      
A A. Ai ttAo dKe niKi A xitti ni xAo no ni K tt. w n ni Kr Ld n. e liAi n.
"Hąhą́, hicųšgenįkhaxjį, nįxununįkają, wananįksapšaną. Epį́ną.
"Well, my dear little grandson, you are young, but you are wise. It is good.

 


 

wo ni Ki A Ktte n. a n K. wo A L Ai tt Ke Le Ktt ne n. riAi
wonįgihakjeną," ánąga wohą́ra hijakerekjaneną. Sį̄
I will boil something for you," she said, and the kettle she will put on. Rice

 


 

Ao A Ktt ne n. Att ttiKi di. n roAo L ni te Ki Ktt ne n. e Ki. w ni Ke Ktt ne n. Ai ttAo dKe
hohąkjaneną. Hajgiži, ną̄súra nįtekikjaneną. Égi wanįgekjaneną, "Hicųšgé,
she will boil. If you eat, the head it will ache you. Then she will say to you, "Grandson,

 


 

n roAo L. ni teKe dA n. ni Ki A A li Ktte n e Ktt ne n. ni Ki A A liKi e tt.
ną̄súra nįtekšaną. Nįgihahapikjeną," ekjaneną. Nįgihahapik éja
the head you have an ache. Let me cup it for you," she will say. She cups it then

 


                          Winn. 5:24.79  
n roAo L. ni Ki xoAoxo x n K. n roAo Lo Ko lL ni Ki Lo ri Ktt ne n. de de Ko Ki.
ną̄súra nįgixuxanąga nasurugobᵉra nįgirusikjaneną. Žežegųgi,
the skull she cracks it, and the brains she will take them out of you. When it is so,

 


 

m e Ki Ao dA L Le. w L Ki Ko no ni Ktt ne n. w d w L K. Ai Ke
égi hošarare warakíkununíkjaneną. Wažąwaraga hįké
earth here to forget you will forget. Your relatives not

 


 

n ttKe w wo L ttAi ni Ktt ne n w xAo liAi ni w L tti Le. Ai L Ki rK
ną̄cgé wawōracinįkjaneną, Waxopį́nį warájire hirakísga
you will not worry about it. Spirit the various ones to become like

 


 

L tti tte Ktt ne n. m Ai A KLe Ki. wo we wi L. e tt Ai lA
rajijekjaneną. hihagrégi wōwéwįra éja hipá
you shall become. Earth surface your thoughts there as far as

 


 

Ai ni Ki Le Ktt ne n. w xoAo liAi ni w L tti Le L ni Ktt ne n e lA.
hinį́girekjanéną. Waxopį́nį warájire ranikjaneną. Ḗpa,
they will be. Spirit the various ones you will return. From now on,

 


        Winn. 5:24.80    
riAi Ao A K. Ae. w Ki o n. e rKe. e tt. w d diAi di KL. A ntt
sį̄ hohąga, wagi’úną. Ésge éja wažąšíšigᵉra haną́c
rice which she boils for you, lice they will be. That is why there bad things all

 


 

Ao Ly diAili dA n. e Ki. deAe Le Ktt ne n. Aoyi tte tto l tte K.
horaišipšaną. Égi šerekjaneną. Hoije jopajega
you will be through with. Then you will go on. Steps the four

 


 

w wo Ly tte Ktt ne n. e tt n Ko L. ttA Ki d Ke tte n. m ni ttAo
waworaijekjaneną. Éja nągúra cakižą kejeną. Mą̄nį́co
you will step into them. There the road a fork [it becomes ?]. Blue clay

 


 

Ao do tte K. liAi Le Le n. w d w L K. e tt A ntt A Ai n Kd n. e Ki
hožujega, pįrereną. Wažąwaraga éja haną́c hahinąkšaną. Égi
which are imprinted, it is best. Your relatives there all they were there. Then

 


 

to w deAe Le Ktt ne n. dow L Ai K tt. e tt leAe ttL. Ki ttoKo x Ki Ktt ne n.
towa šerekjaneną. Žowarahigają, éja péjᵉra kicguxakikjaneną,
onward you will go on. As you go on, there the fire that will crisscross itself,

 


 

m L Ai L o ni. e tt. n xA m ni L. A Ke A m ni
mą́na hira’uni. Éja ną̄xámąnį́ hąké hamąnį́
the earth from one end to the other. There bridge not to walk

* the bracketed /i/ is obscured by a smudge in the MS.


  Winn. 5:24.81  
liAi n[i] Ki Ktt ne n.* n xA m niy K. Ao w Lo Low Ki Ktt ne n. no ni Ke
pįnįkikjaneną. Nąxąmąnįąka howarorowagikjaneną, nųnįgé
you will not be able to do yourself well. The bridge it will be continually swinging, but

 


 

L doKo ni Ly dAe Le Ktt ne n. A ni ni oyi Le Ktt ne de Ao ni Ki L Ki Le L.
rašgų́nįraišerekjeną. Haninioirekjaneže.* Honigiragirera,
you will go over it safely. They will take you over. The ones they told you about,

* < hanini-hoire-kjane-že.


 

de e A ni ni A Lo ttAyi Le Ktt ne n. liAi xitti wo ni Ki tK wi n. w n xi L
žee haniniharocairekjaneną. Pįxjį wonigitakwiną. Wanąǧíra
these they will take you over, and care for you. Very well we have told you of it. The spirits

 


 

Ai d m no ni K. Ai L. wo Ki L KL. Le Ki too Ki Le K. e tt. dAi leLe K.
hižą́ mą̄nų́nįga, hirá wogiragᵉra regit’ųkirega, éja šiprega,
one when he is lost, doing he was telling him if they lie, there when he falls,

 


 

n xi L KL. t xAo tte n. te e di liAi xitti Ly dAe Le Ktt ne n. e Ki.
naǧíragᵉra taxujeną. Te’éži pįxjį raíšerekjéną. Égi
the soul it burns. This safely you will pass through. And

 


            Winn. 5:24.82        
deAe Le Ki. e tt Ao ni K L w tti Le Ktt ne n. ttiAi nK n K e tt L Ai Ki.
šeregi, éja honikarawajirekjaneną. Cinągᵉnąka éja rahigi,
as you go on, there they will come to meet you. The village there when you arrive,

 


 

wi Lo K n n K e tt L Ai Ki. tt Ko Ai n K. wi Le.
wirukananąka éja rahigi, jagú hinąka wiré
the chief there when you arrive, what they did the things to work with

 


 

wo t L e tt. Ai dAe Ktt ne n. t ni L w Lo ttL w diAi diAi KL.
wotára éja hišekjaneną. Tānį́ra, warújᵉra, wašišigᵉra,
request there you will say. The tobacco, the food, the goods,

 


 

Ai tt L Ki do Ktt ne n. tt Ko L A L di Ke de rKe Ai deAe Ktt ne n.
hija ragišųkjaneną. Jagúra hara, žigé žesge hišekjaneną.
there you may attend to them. All other things [the skins]? again these you will say.

 


 

e tt w d w L L tt n K. tee L. e tt ttAi rAe Le tti d KL. e tt
Éja wažą́ wararająnąka t’era éja ciserejížą kara, éja
There things the relations the dead there a long lodge looking after, there

 


 

Ao L Ke we Ktt ne n. Ao. A.
horakewekjaneną. Ho, ha!
you will enter. Ho, ha!

 



Source:

Paul Radin, Winnebago Notebooks (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, n.d.) Winnebago V, #24: 52-82; Paul Radin, The Winnebago Tribe (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1923) 140-144.